Levels and Scales of Measurement in Statistics

Levels and Scales of Measurement in Statistics Level of estimation alludes to the specific way that a variable is estimated inside logical research, andâ scale of estimation alludes to the specific apparatus that an analyst uses to sort the information in a composed manner, contingent upon the degree of estimation that they have chosen. Picking the level and size of estimation areâ important parts of the exploration plan processâ because they are fundamental for organized estimating and ordering of information, and in this way for investigating it and reaching inferences from it too that are viewed as substantial. Inside science, there are four usually utilized levels and sizes of estimation: ostensible, ordinal, interim, and proportion. These were created byâ psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens, who expounded on them in a 1946 article in Science, titled On the Theory of Scales of Measurement. Each degree of estimation and its relating scale can quantify at least one of the four properties of estimation, which incorporate character, greatness, equivalent interims, and a base estimation of zero. There is an order of these various degrees of estimation. With the lower levels of estimation (ostensible, ordinal), suspicions are regularly less prohibitive and information investigations are less delicate. At each degree of the chain of importance, the present level incorporates all the characteristics of the one beneath it notwithstanding something new. By and large, it is alluring to have more significant levels of estimation (interim or proportion) instead of a lower one. Let’s inspect each degree of estimation and its comparing scale all together from most reduced to most elevated in the pecking order. The Nominal Level and Scale An ostensible scale is utilized to name the classes inside the factors you use in your examination. This sort of scale gives no positioning or requesting of qualities; it just gives a name to every class inside a variable with the goal that you can follow them among your information. Or, in other words, it fulfills the estimation of personality, and character alone. Regular models inside human science incorporate the ostensible following ofâ sex (male or female),â raceâ (white, Black, Hispanic, Asian, American Indian, etc.),â and classâ (poor, common laborers, white collar class, high society). Obviously, there are numerous different factors one can gauge on an ostensible scale. The ostensible degree of estimation is otherwise called an absolute measureâ and is viewed as subjective in nature. While doing factual research and utilizing this degree of estimation, one would utilize the mode, or the most ordinarily happening esteem, as aâ measure of focal propensity. The Ordinal Level and Scale Ordinal scales are utilized when a scientist needs to gauge something that isn't effortlessly evaluated, similar to emotions or feelings. Inside such a scale the various qualities for a variable are continuously requested, which is the thing that makes the scale helpful and enlightening. It fulfills both the properties of character and of size. Notwithstanding, it is essential to take note of that as such a scale isn't quantifiable-the exact contrasts between the variable classifications are mysterious. Inside humanism, ordinal scales are generally used to gauge people groups perspectives and conclusions on social issues,â like racismâ and sexism, or how significant certain issues are to them with regards to a political race. For instance, if a scientist needs to quantify the degree to which a populace accepts that prejudice is an issue, they could pose an inquiry like How enormous an issue is bigotry in our general public today? what's more, give the accompanying reaction choices: its a major issue, it is to some degree issue, it is a little issue, and prejudice isn't an issue. When utilizing this level and size of estimation, it is the middle which means focal inclination. The Interval Level and Scale In contrast to ostensible and ordinal scales, an interim scale is a numeric one that takes into account requesting of variablesâ and gives an exact, quantifiable comprehension of the contrasts between them (the interims between them). This implies it fulfills the three properties of character, magnitude,â andâ equal interims. Age is a typical variable that sociologists track utilizing an interim scale, similar to 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on. One can likewise turn non-interim, requested variable classes into an interim scale to aidâ statistical examination. For example,â it is basic to quantify salary as a range, as $0-$9,999; $10,000-$19,999; $20,000-$29,000, etc. These reaches can be transformed into interims that mirror the expanding level of salary, by utilizing 1 to flag the most reduced class, 2 the following, at that point 3, and so on. Interim scales are particularly valuable since they not just take into consideration estimating the recurrence and level of variable classifications inside our information, they additionally permit us to figure theâ mean, notwithstanding the middle, mode. Critically, with the interim degree of estimation, one can likewise calculateâ the standard deviation. The Ratio Level and Scale The proportion size of estimation is almost equivalent to the interim scale, notwithstanding, it varies in that it has an outright estimation of zero, thus it is the main scale that fulfills every one of the four properties of estimation. A humanist would utilize a proportion scale to gauge real earned salary in a given year, not separated into straight out reaches, however running from $0 upward. Anything that can be estimated from outright zero can be estimated with a proportion scale, as for instance the quantity of kids an individual has, theâ number of decisions an individual has casted a ballot in, or theâ number of companions who are of a race not the same as the respondent. One can run all the factual tasks as should be possible with the interim scale, and considerably more with the proportion scale. Truth be told, it is alleged on the grounds that one can make proportions and parts from the information when one uses a proportion level of estimation and scale. Updatedâ by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

buy custom Exploration of the Arab-American Muslim Community essay

purchase custom Exploration of the Arab-American Muslim Community exposition Middle Easterner Americans involve an ethnicity comprising of gatherings of individuals from 22 nations spread across south-west Asia and North Africa. Some allude to them as Middle Eastern. These individuals moved to America during the nineteenth century and keep on doing as such cutting-edge, but in littler numbers. Most of the effortlessly distinguished Arab-Americans are Muslims despite the fact that they are the minority of the network. The Muslim Arab-Americans for the most part stand apart in light of their strict and customary practices. The recognizable acts of the Muslim Arabs are: Ramadan fasting, going to of Mosque on Friday, among others. These individuals likewise usually stand apart in light of their dressing particularly the ladies who wear hijabs or burqas. The burqa is an encompassing and humble clothing that covers the body from head to toe and is for the most part worn by Islamic ladies openly. The men additionally now and again spot long facial hair. In contrast to other remote societies and ethnicities in the United States, the Arab American Muslims have kept up their customs; reliably passing them onto their kids. This being apparent from the discovering that happens in open Islamic non-public schools (Samhan). These recognizable highlights combined with the way that these Muslim Arabs don't between wed, makes the network an obvious objective for separation and fanaticism. Their distinctive highlights have likewise framed the premise of the generalizing of Arab Muslims living in America. Hamza, Yaseen, El-Houbi, Duncan and Diaz (18) clarify that most media directs in the early years pigeonhole Arab Muslims as extremely rich people, aircraft with hidden collections of mistresses and long facial hair. A large portion of these generalizations have since been discarded however the picture of a Muslim aircraft or fear monger has remained. The US registration orders the Arabs as whites however a few Arabs particularly the Muslims have felt oppr essed. This has for the most part been experienced since the September 11 fear based oppressor assaults in 2001. There was anyway separation of Arab Muslims pre the September 11 assaults. The main influx of Arab American outsiders was gone up against with separation on the basic ground that they were remote yet it was not excessively wild. The Arab-Israeli clash expanded predisposition against the Middle Eastern culture attributable to the way that America bolstered Israel. Victimization Arab American Muslims was additionally experienced in light of the war that America had been battling in Iraq against Saddam Hussein. Saddam Hussein was a despot who had carried out intolerable violations against mankind and was at long last caught and hanged by the US government in 2006. These pictures of despots and wars from Middle East had filled in as a method for generalizing Middle Eastern individuals since that was the main way they were depicted by the media. Oppression Arab-Americans was a nyway not all that articulated as that of different races and ethnicities, for example, blacks and Hispanics. Separation anyway expanded with the pictures in the media and furthermore fear assaults, for example, the 1993 shelling of World Trade Center. Another flood of generalizing and extraordinary inclination became apparent after the fear monger assaults in New York in 2001. This separation depended on the way that the fear group in Afghanistan distinguished as Al Qaeda was said to be answerable for the twin assaults. The robbers of the planes that collided with the twin towers were completely distinguished as Muslims. The assaults saw Muslim Arabs in America all categorized as psychological militants. This was for the most part found in the air terminals where some even would not load up planes with a Muslim traveler. There has likewise been nearer examination of foreigners from Middle East. In certain air terminals, the Muslim Arabs have been exposed to stricter norms. By and by, I should concede that after the fear assaults, I perked up and cognizant about the Muslims around me. The fear assaults drove Americans mad the same number of had lost their lives some despite everything endure the unfavorable impacts of the disaster. In certain States, it was accounted for that Muslims were offended out in the open and assaulted. Mosques were likewise vandalized and consumed in certain spots. Extraordinary scorn and hatred was additionally appeared to any individual who related themselves with the Arab Muslims. The assaults made a picture of murderous, strict fan and carnal Arab Muslims which saw their separation wildly increment. The Council of American Islamic Relations announced that after 2001, abhor wrongdoings against Muslims significantly increased. The American government likewise shut down six foundations having a place with American Muslims, following the assaults. There has additionally been oblivious separation in the criminal equity framework where there has been confinement and torment of suspected fear based oppressors and this has generally been relevant to Arab American Muslims. This was for the most part found in the disputable Guantanamo Bay jail. The generalizations of Arab American Muslims as per the discoveries of this examination are false. Different investigations have additionally demonstrated that Arab American Muslims are altogether different from the fear based oppressors. There are additionally numerous Arab American Muslims who have spoken transparently against jiha and other fanatic conduct. Most Muslims advocate that Islam is a religion of harmony. Middle Easterner American Muslims are likewise from different nations with different societies. They don't all originate from Afghanistan or war torn zones. It was anyway seen in my examination that Islam calls for unobtrusiveness and conservatism and that is the reason the ladies need to cover their heads. The men don't anyway need to spot long facial hair or look like Osama canister Laden. The Arab American Muslim people group is as differing as some other network and they don't all fit in one categorize. Having seen films and narratives about the Middle East and particularly the Muslim people group, I had framed suppositions and generalizations about them. The September 11, 2001 additionally molded the greater part of my sentiments about the network. I had not connected with individuals of this network previously, and there was no chance to get of checking the thoughts and ideas that I had assembled from the media. This exploration has anyway helped me to collaborate with certain individuals from the Arab American Muslim people group. I have directed meetings on their contemplations on racial predisposition in America and how at home they feel in America particularly after the 2001 assaults. I have additionally visited sites, for example, alhewar.com which expound on the Arab American culture and disperses a portion of the legends held about the network in America. To completely comprehend the degree of the separation and the every day battles of Muslim Arabs in America, I needed to drench myself in their way of life. I chose to be one of the Muslims for an entire week. This implied telling individuals that I was Muslim and dressing like one. I additionally strolled together with the Muslim gathering of individuals that I had decided to assist me with the examination. This experience end up being very edifying and testing simultaneously. It was likewise advantageous and allowed me the chance to have the option to encounter everything direct. Philosophy The internet has a great deal of data on the Arab American Muslim people group. This is the place a large portion of the data on this exploration was acquired from. The meetings with the Muslims were additionally a solid and direct wellspring of data on the gathering. The exploration additionally depended on diary articles and TV interviews and well known shows. As has been referenced above, I examined about the Muslim Arab people group by getting one of them. The Muslim gathering of individuals who were my interviewees additionally filled in as my aides so as to make the experience all the more genuine. Wherever we went, individuals comprehended that I was one of the Muslims and regarded me as one. The Muslim people group treated me with most extreme cordiality despite the fact that they comprehended that I was not one of them. There were anyway gazes from outsiders in the city and a retailer once would not serve us on the premise that he didn't bolster fear mongers. The segregation was unsettling as it felt like a trap on me despite the fact that I realized I was not a Muslim. This was the part that welcomed some worry on my part. This is on the grounds that nobody likes to be assaulted or be victimized. The tension was additionally uplifted by the through and through showdowns from certain individuals from the open some of whom plainly demonstrated their dissatisfaction with Islam. There was additionally nervousness from the start about how the Muslims would react to the issue of isolation, given the way that it is as yet an emotive issue. I likewise had my questions on the outcomes of acting like a Muslim in America. The drenching anyway helped me draw nearer to the Muslim people group and it built up a feeling of trust among me and my Muslim associates. The Arab Muslims that I had associated with likewise assisted with pointing the spots where they confronted intense segregation and underscored that that was their day by day battle. During the communicatio n I found an unconventional thing that I didn't anticipate. There were some Arab Muslims who had decided to totally relinquish their way of life as a method for abstaining from generalizing and separation. There were likewise other people who wished to return to their nations of birthplace as they feared profiling by the legislature. There were other people who likewise furtively wished they were conceived in an alternate race as they were totally nauseated by the fear based oppressors. This introduced an issue of disdain of ones own race or ethnicity. I additionally inquired as to whether they at any point felt that the separation would reach a conclusion in the end and if the law against segregation was working in support of them. The greater part of them were of the possibility that the segregation was probably not going to end in this decade and that enemy of separation laws didn't appear to shield them from through and through inclination. They felt that the legislature had eva cuated common insurance of Arab Muslims in America since the September 11 assaults. Discoveries My perceptions and meetings drove me to the end that th

Folklore and Parallels to Fairytales in Lolita - Literature Essay Samples

The use of folklore and parallels to fairytales in Lolita makes the overall dynamic of the novel simultaneously confusing and artistic for readers. Nabokov implements the folklore and fairytale parallels in characters such as Humbert, Charlotte, Richard, and Lolita. However, the confusing aspect lies in the fact that each character can represent a different fairytale type throughout the book. This is especially true with Humbert, and explains the vexation readers have with his character. By the end of the book, the question of whether Humbert is sincere in his remorse, or lying about the truth, can be attributed to these folklore characterizations from Nabokov. It furthermore perverts the reader’s imagination of enchantment and the magical essence of fairytales as Nabokov blurs reality and fantasy. In the article â€Å"The Enchanted Hunters,† Jones argues three reasons Nabokov uses these folklore characteristics in his characters. The first is, â€Å"[Nabokov] wishes to give his story some of the magical appeal of fairy tales†¦he wants to emulate their fanciful perspective,† (Jones 271). This is evident throughout the novel with his characters, place names, and Humbert’s narrations. Jones parallels characters in Lolita with character types in Snow White to illustrate this point of folklore characteristics. Lolita, character and novel, is depicted as this fantasy through the eyes of Humbert. He refers to her as a, â€Å"little princess (lost, kidnapped, discovered in gypsy rags through which her nakedness smiled at the king and his hounds),† (Jones 273). Throughout the book, Humbert continues to compare Lolita to a nymphet, a fairy princess, or a fateful elf to create folkloristic allusions. Nabokov is exploiting these fanatical qualities to acco mpany Humbert’s pedophiliac narrative. The readers are being manipulated with these enchantments from Nabokov and cause the ultimate vexation most readers have by the end of the book. Humbert embodies the most conflicting folklore characteristics as he is described as, â€Å"the prince, the ogre, and the hunter – sometimes the protagonist and sometimes the antagonist,† (Jones 277). These observations by Jones also contribute to the vexation readers have at the end of the novel. Nabokov successfully weaved these folkloristic allusions in with Humbert’s perverted, yet artistic, narrative to blend fantasies with reality. Humbert is all the above character types Jones lists, which is why readers struggle to interpret his character. At the Enchanted Hunters, he becomes the enchanted hunter, Lolita his prey, as he drugs and rapes her. He becomes the Ogre as he threatens her with orphanages at the thought of contacting the police. He makes himself the prince when he says he rescued her as an orphan and is her protector. Each of these character types are true and reveal an aspect of Humbert’s character. However, the confusion it causes for read ers is the result of how Nabokov exploits these folklore character types. Jones argues that the second reason Nabokov uses folkloric character types is, â€Å"He uses these traditional characters to expose the unrealistic way that fairy tales and their stock figures portray life and its actual participants†¦actual events and persons do not always fit these folkloristic fabrications,† (271). This is true in support of Humbert’s multiple character types. He is realistically unable to strictly be one folk character, and he embodies three folk character types as a result. Richard Schiller is supposed to be Dolly’s prince charming that rescued her from her tormentors. However, readers later find that he is not even able to have a coherent conversation with Humbert. Dick responds to Humbert’s question of, â€Å"You are going to Canada?I mean Alaska, of course,† with, â€Å"Well, he cut it on a jagger, I guess. Lost his right arm in Italy,† (Nabokov 274-75). Richard appears to be less of a prince charming and more of a â€Å"buffoon†. Furthermore, Dolly and Richard never have their happily ever after when she dies in childbirth on Christmas Day. These unfortunate endings for folkloric inspired characteristics are mockeries to fairytale endings from Nabokov. He manages to disassemble reader’s ideal princess, prince charming, the expected demise of the ogre, or the defeat of the hunter and he turns them into lies. No one gets their fairytale ending in Lolita. They get reality mixed with the fantasy narrative from a pedophile. Jones’ last reason to explain Nabokov’s use of folk characterization is, â€Å"†¦to make a statement about the paradoxical relationship of art (mirage) and reality (fact)†¦that man lives between two worlds,† (271). This is true throughout Humbert’s narrative, and the reader’s perception of Lolita. Nabokov creates Humbert’s narrative with a tone of fantasy but readers are supposed to perceive it as factual. Hum bert even admits, â€Å"At this or that twist of it I feel my slippery self eluding me, gliding into deeper and darker waters than I care to probe. I have camouflaged what I could so as not to hurt people. And I have toyed with many pseudonyms for myself†¦,† (Nabokov 308). Humbert is unable to face his own heinous actions and takes on a new persona to â€Å"camouflage† his true self. Or, readers can perceive this as true remorsefulness for his actions. He no longer wants to be that person and is trying to move on with reality by ignoring his past mistakes. Readers will never have a definite answer to the question; however, Humbert’s multiple character types can lead them to such a conclusion. Under this conclusion, that Humbert has reached a point of true remorse for his actions against Dolores Haze, readers can see this transformation. They can see how Humbert started out as this maniac, kidnapped a child, and lived in a Lolita fantasy. They can see the slow acknowledgment from his narrative that what he is doing is morally wrong in the eyes of society. Ultimately, they see how he tries to compensate for the pain he caused Dolores with the murder of Quilty and a sum of four thousand dollars. In this scenario, readers no longer see Lolita, they see Dolly being freed from Humbert’s fantasy. Or, readers still see Humbert living out this fantasy for eternity. In his final line he states, â€Å"†¦the refuge of art. And this is the only immortality you and I may share, my Lolita,† (Nabokov 309). Readers still see t he obsessive and possessive mindset Humbert has. He calls â€Å"their love† art. Art, with its own fantasy qualities, causing mirage and fact to once again blur the reader’s perspective and leave them with no absolute resolution to the novel. Lolita trapped for eternity in the fantasy of Humbert. Jones’ explanations for Nabokov’s use of folk characteristics and fairytales are justified and accurate. He provides an explanation for the vexation experienced by readers. That Humbert embodies many different folk characteristics over the course of the novel. Each characteristic different from the other, and resulting in a different narration. Furthermore, contributing to the confusion and artistry readers are faced with at the end of the book. Nabokov has forced readers to defy their fairytale endings to determine the authenticity of Humbert’s remorse and actions. Nabokov’s characters are trapped in a continuum of reality invading their fantasies, and fantasies distracting their realities. Furthermore, this continuum creates a literary world of art and confusion for his readers as they embark on his backward fairytales. Works Cited Jones, Steven Swann. â€Å"The Enchanted Hunters: Nabokovs Use of Folk Characterization in ‘Lolita.’† Western Folklore, vol. 39, no. 4, 1980, pp. 269–283., www.jstor.org/stable/1499996 Nabokov, Vladimir Vladimirovich. Lolita. 2nd ed. New York: Random House, Inc., 1997. Print.

Organizational Behavior Essay - 1086 Words

Introduction The business world has become very competitive and dynamic. In order to be successful in a work environment, organizations must be knowledgeable of what defines organizational behavior. Organizational behavior can help organizations expand, communicate, learn, and develop for better performance in the competitive, vibrant, and ever changing economy we all live in. It is important for organizations to learn the different behaviors, cultures, diversity, communications, effectiveness, and the learning styles that make up the organization and its environment. This paper will define and explain the terminology and concepts of organization behavior through research and examples used within the military. What is Organizational†¦show more content†¦Organizational Culture Organizational culture is a system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members (Schermerhorn, 2005). This is how individuals live, act, and define what normal behavior. Culture is a big influence in an individuals life and decision-making process. The purpose and function of this culture within the military is to help foster internal integration, bring employees from all levels of the organization much closer together, and enhance their performance. An example of an organizational culture within the miiltary is the academy culture. Employees within the military are highly skilled, have been working for the organization for at least 20 years or more due to the outstanding benefits, and motivated for the possibility of promotion. Military personnel practices good organizational culture by providing a stable working environment that allows an employee to utilize current skills and develop new skills. Every organization has their own unique culture that fits their vision and goals. Diversity Diversity is the presence of individual-differences based on national origin, family status, culture, education, employee status, functions, regional origin, religion, gender, race and ethnicity, age, able-bodiedness, and sexual orientation. Having an awareness of how each item contributes to diversity is the first step into understanding diversity. An individual should be open to listen andShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Citizenship Behavior4841 Words   |  20 PagesTable of contents: Page # 1. Literature Review 1 1.1. What are Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) 1 1.2. OCB and its link with Organization 3 1.3. How OCB’s are exhibited by employees 4 1.4. Importance of OCB 5 1.5. Effect of OCB on employees 6 2. Introduction to Organization 6 2.1. Allied Bank Limited 7 2.2. Meezan Bank Limited 7 2.3. First Women’s Bank 7 2.4. MCB 7 3. Findings and resultsRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1284 Words   |  6 PagesBachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Course Title : Organizational Behavior Course Code : BUS 250 Year of Study : 2 Number of Credits : 3 credits Duration in Weeks : 12 weeks Contact Hours Per Week : 3 hours Pre-requisite Course(s) : BUS 120 Principles and Practice of Management Course Aims The course provides students with a conceptual and a pragmatic approach to understand the employees’ behavior in the organization. This course equips students with the knowledgeRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1387 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Behavior Michael J. Bonnie CJA444 June 5, 2014 Eddie Gordon Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study of how employee’s behavior interacts within an agency’s work environment. It includes many subjects which include sociology, communication, psychology, and management. Its primary purpose is to review and report in the ever expanding study in criminal justice organizational behavior areas in the workforce. This discussion focuses on the forces of change andRead MoreEssay Organizational Behavior1057 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Organizational behavior: Organizational behavior refers to the attitudes and behavior of the individuals in the organization. Organizational behavior is a inter-disciplinary field of study that draws from many of the behavioral sciences. The goal of organizational behavior is to apply the concepts from the other behavioral sciences to pressing problems that management may be facing, as well as applying organizational behavior to the administrative theory and practicesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Human Behavior1217 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational behavior studies the impact of groups, individuals, and structures have on the personal human behavior within many organizations. There is many different definitions of organizational behavior, but they are all relatively the same in all cases. â€Å"Organizational behavior studies organizations from multiple viewpoints, including behavior within the organization and in relation to other organizations (Boundless.com).† This is not just the study o n one organization, but the study withinRead MoreOrganizational Behavior : Organization Behavior2093 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Organization behavior is the study and application of information regarding how an individual or group of people within an organization behaves. According to John Schermerhorn author of the book Organizational Behavior Twelfth Edition, organizational behavior is the key characteristic used to maintain and enhance interaction levels amongst employees within a company (Schermerhorn, 2011). There are additional characteristics such as leadership, openness to confer in relation to issuesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Organizational Behaviour1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe above drawn figure shows about organisational behaviour. It highlights the bonding among human behaviour in organizational settings, the individual - organization interface, the organization, the environment surrounding the organization. In an organization each and every individual brings its own experience, managerial and effective skills. Classical Organizational theory:- Popovich (2010) said that in this theory, the concentration mainly goes in how an organization can be structured inRead MoreOrganizational behavior1577 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior: An Analysis of Helm Fire and Rescue Company Introduction Organizational Behavior is referred to as the study of individuals and their relative behavior subject to the existing organizational environment. The concept applies in a diverse workplace setting in different ways and had diverse impacts to the organization. Organizational behavior field includes communication, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept is subject to both internal and external factors affectingRead MoreOrganizational Behavior5621 Words   |  23 PagesChapter 1 - The Field of Organizational Behavior Multiple Choice Questions 1. Pharmacia is an example of a company that: a. experienced culture clashes as a result of a merger. b. ignored technological advances to its harm. c. is a great employer in terms of human resources, but an unprofitable company. d. focused on balance sheets rather than human resources. Answer a Page 2 2. _____ is a structured social system consisting of groups and individuals working together toRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Organisational Behavior2512 Words   |  11 PagesNowadays with the new millennium speeding towards us and competitive advantage more rapidly than ever, organisational behavior is one of the most direct relevance study for deeper understanding of management context. Indeed, it’s about how people organised and managed at work, which contains the study of leadership, motivation and organisational design to examine human behaviour in relation to various psychological, social and political conditions. The purpose of study this subject from regulatory

Impairment of Asset for Cash Generating Units - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theImpairment of Asset for Cash Generating Units. Answer: Loss On Impairment Of CGUS Impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and recoverable amount, if carrying amount exceeds recoverable amount. Recoverable amount means the amount which a company can recover by selling its Cash generating units. So, if recoverable amount is less than the carrying amount which is shown in the financial statements of the company. As per IAS 36, every reporting entity should assess the value of its cash generating units so that it should not be more than recoverable amount because it gives wrong impact on the readers of financial statements if recoverable amount is lesser then carrying amount in financial statements. So, it is necessary for the companies to assess their Cash generating units (CGUs) on every reporting date so that the requirements of IAS get fulfilled. An asset cannot be a Cash generating unit if it alone cannot generate revenue for the company. If some assets together can generate revenue for the company, then that all assets together are known as cash generating units. In other words, a single asset can be or cannot be a Cash Generating Unit. It all depends upon the revenue generation to the company. If there is any indication that the value of Cash Generating units has increased then the reversal of impairment of loss is there except goodwill. In other words reversal of impairment loss of goodwill is prohibited. IAS 36 does not allow to impair goodwill because goodwill is an intangible asset. Impairment of Goodwill: On every reporting period value of goodwill should be calculated for impairment purposes.. For testing purpose value of goodwill should be allocated to Cash Generating Units which are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. A cash generating unit to which the value of goodwill has been allocated should be tested for impairment atleast annually with the recoverable amount of the unit and if recoverable amount of unit is more than carrying amount then there is no impairment. On the other hand if it is less than carrying amount then impairment is there. For allocating impairment loss of goodwill to the cash generating units, firstly allocation should be made to goodwill and after that other remaining assets of cash Generating units should be impaired. As per IAS 36, if the following indication arises then only impairment should be there: External Sources: Declining of market value Changes in technology which will have negative impact on the working of the company. Rate of interest of market increases Net Assets of the company are more than market capitalization. Internal Sources: There is some damage in the working area of the company. The assets of the company are not been utilized efficiently and are idle. The government conditions got changed which have negative impact on the company. Apart from the above, more factors can be included in the above as they are inclusive factors not exhaustive factors. For calculating impairment loss, we need to calculate recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is that amount which can be realized from the market, if sold. SO, carrying amount in the books should not be art any cost higher than the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is higher of the Fair market value less cost of disposal and Value in use. Calculating recoverable amount: i) Impairment loss arises if the carrying amount in the books is less than the fair market vaIue and for calculating fair market value we also deduct cost of disposal, if any, then there is impairment loss and it should be recorded in the books. ii) If we cannot calculate fair market value, then recoverable amount will be the value in use. iii) For the assets which are to be disposed of, fair value less cost of disposal is recoverable amount. Fair Value less cost of disposal: As per IFRS 13, fair value has to be calculated and cost of disposal to be deducted. Cost of disposal is the direct assed costs. Value in Use: The method to estimate value in use is as follows: The amount which entity expects that it will be able to earn in the coming future. It is just an expectation. Company has to consider the present value. i.e. The future benefits should be discounted one. The expected future cash flows which company is expected should be realistic one and should also be achievable one. Reversal Of Impairment Loss: The criteria for the reversal of impairment loss are the same as of identifying impairment loss. The reversing conditions are the indications of reversal of impairment loss. The reversal should not be more than what after depreciation value if impairment loss would not be there. Reversal of impairment loss for goodwill is prohibited but as discussed it can be combined with other Cash generating Units for impairment purposes. References: Accounting explained, Impairment of fixed assets, viewed on 21st May 2017, https://accountingexplained.com/financial/non-current-assets/impairment-of-assets. IFRS, IFRS Interpretation committee, viewed on 21st May 2017, https://www.ifrs.org/Current-Projects/IASB-Projects/IFRS-5-Reversal-of-impairment-loss-relating-to-goodwill/Pages/Home.aspx. Investing Answers, Goodwill Impairment, viewed on 21st May 2017 https://www.investinganswers.com/financial-dictionary/financial-statement-analysis/goodwill-impairment-3614. ACCA, Impairment of Goodwill, viewed on 21st May 2017 https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f7/technical-articles/impairment-goodwill.html. Deloitte, IAS- Impairment of Assets, viewed on 21st May 2017 https://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ias/ias36.

Research Proposal on Truancy Essay Example

Research Proposal on Truancy Essay Truancy is the action practised by students and is characterized with the illegal absence from classes. The phenomenon of truancy is quite a natural one, because nearly every student does not want to go to school and looks for the chance to miss classes. In fact, most students only wish to miss classes, while the other ones embody this wish into life. In the majority of countries the absence from the compulsory education is punished strictly, because the student is obliged to study but not to wander somewhere. The most obvious reason of truancy is the absence of motivation to study, problems with the process of education, low marks, family problems, negative impact of friends, etc. It is natural that the result of truancy is far more negative, because the student loses the chance of self-development, his current progress reduces and he loses the chance to pass the exams successfully and enter a good college in future. In addition, being absent at classes the student has much time and spends it in the negative way. First of all, such students are at the risk of being involved into the street gangs; they can start smoking, consuming alcohol and even taking drugs. The impact of these habits is unfavorable for the student’s health. The US and British schools take the issue of truancy under the strict control punishing students strictly. In addition, the question is also solved with the help of the involvement of parents. If the child keeps on playing hookey, his parents are fined. The police and the special organizations and groups of people help educational institutions with the detection of students and returning them to the educational process. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Truancy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Truancy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Truancy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Truancy is a serious problem of current time and it is connected with the students who miss classes possessing no desire to study. The student is able to observe this problem is detail and probably bring the light on its cause and solutions. The proposal is supposed to contain the information about the factors which cause truancy and explain the possible ways of the solution of the problem. One should construct a strict structure for the paper and define the major questions requires for the research and predict the possible result of the analysis. Finally, the student should share the methods and sources which are used to research the issue on truancy. Research proposal writing is the complicated assignment for students and the Internet can be of good help in this case. A free example research proposal on truancy is the alternative solution of the troubles related with research proposal writing. It is important to find a good free sample research proposal on truancy which would reflect the right way of the convincing writing and the correct organization of the text. NOTE!!! All free sample research proposals and examples on Truancy are 100% plagiarized, we are here to help you! EssayLib.com is a leading research proposal writing service, which can offer you the solution you have been looking for. With thousands of written research papers and proposals for Master’s and PhD degrees, we can give you exactly what you need at very affordable prices. Our experienced writers will prove you that high quality and exclusivity is a trademark of our products. We can guarantee your confidentiality and promise you strict on time delivery. There are many reasons for EssayLib.com to become your favorite research proposal writing service, but all we are asking you – just give us a try!

Social Security Disability Trust Fund

Social Security Disability Trust Fund Social Security Disability Fund to Last 20 Years Longer than Once Predicted In a recent report, the Social Security Administration (SSA) estimates the Social Security Disability trust fund will remain solvent until 2052- a stark contrast to the 2032 date they reported just one year ago.Future PredictionsIn the event the SSD trust fund were to run out of money, those currently enrolled in the program would continue to receive 91% percent of their typical benefit payments. That funding would then be provided by those Americans who are currently working, who still have Social Security taxes deducted from their paychecks.About the ReportCurrently, about 10 million disabled Americans and their dependents receive SSDI benefits. The annual report maintains the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) trust fund will run out of funds by 2034, a prediction unchanged since last year. Senior citizens and survivors would see monthly payments cut by 20% if the program were to continue as it is. The full report is available here.A Generational ChangeBeneficiaries representi ng later generations who have maintained lower birth rates are beginning to replace the Baby Boomer generation in terms of enrollment. This change is expected to slow cost increases for SSA programs beginning in 2040.At the same time, the number of workers who are supporting an individual beneficiary is expected to decrease, dropping from 2.8 in 2018 to   2.2 by 2035. This decrease will reflect a large number of Baby Boomers who have retired.About SSDTo receive SSD, applicants must have a medical condition or combination of conditions that prevent them from working. While the SSA considers a range of conditions, applicants must prove they will be out of work for at least one year or their condition is terminal. Applicants must also have medical records to support their claim and must have earned enough work credits to be considered.Applying for SSD can be overwhelming and confusing, and making one small mistake can set you back months or even years. To improve your chances of bein g approved, it’s advised to partner with a skilled SSD attorney from the beginning to  help you with your entire application process.We Can HelpIf you are disabled and unable to work, call Disability Attorneys of Michigan for a free confidential consultation. We’ll let you know if we can help you get a monthly check and help you determine if any money or assets you receive could impact your eligibility for disability benefits.Disability Attorneys of Michigan works hard every day helping the disabled of Michigan seek the Social Security Disability benefits they need. If you are unable to work due to a physical, mental, or cognitive impairment, call Disability Attorneys of Michigan now for a free consultation at 800-949- 2900.Let Michigan’s experienced Social Security Disability law firm help you get the benefits you deserve.Disability Attorneys of Michigan, Compassionate Excellence. Detroit disability attorney, disability attorney, Michigan disability lawyer, S ocial Security Disability Lawyer, social security disability trust fund